Morphological characterization of the renal arteries in the pig: comparative analysis with the human / Caracterización morfológica de las arterias renales en el cerdo: análisis comparativo con el humano

In spite of its importance as an experimental model, information on therenal artery inpigs is scarce.The objective of this work was to determine the morphological characteristics of the renal artery (RA) and its branches in pigs. One hundred and twenty one (121) pairs of kidneys of pigs destined to slaughter by stunning were studied. The RA and its branches were perfused with polyester resin (Palatal 85 % t Styrene 15 %)and subjected to KOH infusion (potassium hydroxide) for total corrosion. Calibers were measured, and trajectories and relations with adjacent arterial structures were evaluated.Continuous variables were assessed with Student's t test,and discrete variables with Pearson's chi square test. The significance level used was p<0.05. The origin of the RA was symmetric in 57 specimens (50.4 %), with the right renal arterybeing more cranial in 55 % of the cases. Single renal arteries were seen in 98.4 %, without significant side differences (p=0.31).The caliber and length of the RA were 5.11mm (SD1.35) and 30.1mm (SD8.63), respectively. A pattern of RA expression that causes one cranial and one caudal polar branch (Type I) was observed in 97.1 % of the cases. The distribution of the RA in cranial and caudal polar branches was found to be higher than what is described in the literature, since these morphometric features have not been reported in prior studies.These findings contribute to a better knowledge in the field of the compared anatomy of the kidney, and allow for applying the pig model in procedural and hemodynamic applications.

A pesar de su importancia como un modelo experimental, la información sobre la arteria renal en los porcinos es escasa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar las características morfológicas de la arteria renal (AR) y sus ramas en cerdos. Fueron estudiados 121 pares de riñones de cerdos destinados al sacrificio con método de aturdimiento. Las AR y sus ramas fueron perfundidas con resina poliéster (Palatal 85 % t Estireno 15 %) y sometidas a infusión de KOH (hidróxido de potasio) para corrosión total. Se midieron calibres, evaluaron trayectorias y relaciones con estructuras arteriales adyacentes. Se evaluó las variables continuas con el test de t student y las variables discretas con el test de chi cuadrado de Pearson. El nivel de significancia usado fue de p<0,05. El origen de la AR fue simétrico en 57 muestras (50,4 %), siendo la arteria renal derecha la más craneal en el 55 % de los casos. Se observó arterias renales únicas en el 98,4 %, sin diferencias significativas de lado (p=0,31). El calibre y la longitud de la AR fue 5,11 mm (SD 1,35) y 30,1 mm (SD 8,63) respectivamente. En el 97,1 % se observó un patrón de expresión de la AR que origina una rama polar craneal y una caudal (Tipo I). La distribución en ramas polares craneal y caudal de la AR es superior a lo descrito en la literatura, en tanto que las características morfométricas no han sido reportadas en estudios previos. Estos hallazgos contribuyen al mejor conocimiento en el campo de la anatomía comparada del riñón y permiten postular al modelo porcino en aplicaciones procedimentales y hemodinámicas.

Morphologic expression of the left coronary artery in pigs. An approach in relation to human heart / Expressão morfológica da artéria coronária esquerda em porcos. Abordagem em relação ao coração humano

Introduction: In spite of its importance as an experimental model, the information on the left coronary artery in pigs is sparse. Objective: To determine the morphologic features of the left coronary artery in pigs. Methods: We evaluated 158 pig hearts. The left coronary artery was perfused with synthetic resin after their ostia had been catheterized. Diameters and courses of the vascular beds were measured with an electronic caliper (Mitutoyo(r)). Results: The diameter of left coronary artery was 6.98 ± 1.56 mm and its length was 3.51±0.99 mm. It was found to end up by bifurcating itself into the anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery in 79% of the cases, and by trifurcating in 21% of the cases, with the presence of the diagonal artery. The anterior interventricular artery ended up at the apex in 79.7% of the cases, and the circumflex artery at the posterior aspect of the left ventricle in 64% of the case, this artery never reached the posterior interventricular sulcus. An anastomosis between the terminal branches of the anterior interventricular artery and the posterior interventricular artery was found in 7.6% of the specimens. The antero-superior branch of the anterior interventricular artery occurred in 89.9% of the hearts. A left marginal branch was observed in 87.9% of the cases with a diameter of 2.25±0.55 mm. Conclusion: Compared with humans, pigs have shorter left coronary artery trunks and branches; even the circumflex artery never reaches the posterior interventricular sulcus. Our findings are useful for the design of experimental hemodynamic and procedural models. .

Introdução: Apesar de sua importância como modelo experimental, a informação sobre a artéria coronária esquerda em suínos é escassa. Objetivo: Determinar as características morfológicas da artéria coronária esquerda em suínos. Métodos: Foram avaliados 158 corações de porcos. A artéria coronária esquerda foram perfundidos com resina sintética após a sua óstios foram cateterizados. Diâmetros e cursos dos leitos vasculares foram medidos com um paquímetro eletrônico (Mitutoyo(r)). Resultados: O diâmetro da artéria coronária esquerda foi 6,98±1,56 mm e seu comprimento era de 3,51±0,99 mm. Verificou-se que acabam bifurcando-se no interior da artéria descendente anterior e da artéria circunflexa em 79 % dos casos, e dividindo-se em três em 21% dos casos, com a presença da artéria diagonal. A artéria interventricular anterior acabou no ápice em 79,7% dos casos, sendo a artéria marginal na face posterior do ventrículo esquerdo em 64% dos casos, esta artéria nunca chegou ao sulco interventricular posterior. Uma anastomose entre os ramos terminais da artéria interventricular anterior e artéria interventricular posterior foi encontrado em 7,6% das amostras. O ramo ântero-superior da artéria interventricular anterior ocorreu em 89,9% dos corações. Um ramo marginal esquerda foi observado em 87,9% dos casos, com diâmetro de 2,25±0,55 mm. Conclusão: Em comparação com os seres humanos, os porcos têm troncos das artérias coronárias esquerdas mais curtos e ramos; até a artéria circunflexa nunca atinge o sulco interventricular posterior. Nossos resultados são úteis para a concepção de hemodinâmica experimental e modelos processuais. .